Background In January 2026, the AI chatbot, which was integrated in the social media platform named X, was revealed to allow the creation and distribution of manipulated and sexually explicit images of actual individuals (including adult females and children) without their permission, which sparked controversy around Grok. The system was seen to be in a position of responding to the prompts that would turn the ordinary photographs into sexualised imagery that can be distribut

In 2026, digital disinformation has moved from the periphery to the mainstream of information ecosystems. What was once confined to sporadic fake news or fringe conspiracy sites is now an industrialized, AI-powered, and deeply varied threat within digital media. The consequences are far-reaching and impacts political stability, commercial credibility, public health, and societal trust.